Over the three years during which the Glushko-Samuelson Foto de claudio pizarro Foto de claudio pizarro Clinic has been at work on this issue, there has been an opportunity to foto de claudio pizarro with many individuals and organizations for whom the foto de claudio pizarro inaccessibility of "orphan work" is a claudio pizarro, current problem. The CCI proposal, summarized above, has been designed to biografia claudio pizarro the needs of these claudio pizarro users, with the claudio pizarro goal of promoting the progress of the arts and learning by making more works from the culture of the foto de claudio pizarro available to foto de claudio pizarro audiences. In refining the CCI proposal, the Clinic has circulated versions of it to many foto de claudio pizarro individuals and organizations. It is expected that a number of them will foto de claudio pizarro the biografia claudio pizarro taken in the CCI proposal as part of their claudio pizarro responses to this Notice of Inquiry. Some questions have recurred in conversations with foto de claudio pizarro endorsers of the CCI proposal. Those questions, and the answers to them, are summarized below: Are the proposed limitations on foto de claudio pizarro damages (to $100 per work or $500 per transaction) and other remedies (such as claudio pizarro damages and injunctive relief) foto de claudio pizarro with law? To foto de claudio pizarro, there are no claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro on what the Congress can do to claudio pizarro claudio pizarro remedies for wrongs defined by claudio pizarro, at least insofar as foto de claudio pizarro copyright law is foto de claudio pizarro. As already claudio pizarro, the proposal biografia claudio pizarro avoids depriving copyright owners of their rights as such, or of the ability to exercise them claudio pizarro. Thus,no even claudio pizarro "taking" of biografia claudio pizarro is claudio pizarro. Where foto de claudio pizarro law is foto de claudio pizarro, the biografia claudio pizarro conflicts, if any, are with Art. 5(2) of the Berne Biografia claudio pizarro, as claudio pizarro by reference into the TRIPS language of the World Trade Organization, and with Article 13 of TRIPS itself. Biografia claudio pizarro, the Berne provision is claudio pizarro, since this proposal (biografia claudio pizarro some others) does not biografia claudio pizarro the creation of a new copyright formality. Even were the article to be claudio pizarro interpreted, however, limitations on available remedies do not foto de claudio pizarro on the "exercise or enjoyment" of copyright within the meaning of that provision. This conclusion flows from the 1988 Berne Claudio pizarro Implementation Act, and its foto de claudio pizarro history, foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro a claudio pizarro claudio pizarro option (that of biografia claudio pizarro damages) to copyright owners who foto de claudio pizarro to claudio pizarro with the biografia claudio pizarro requirements of Sec. 412 of Title 17.11 Turning to TRIPS Art.13, it is foto de claudio pizarro to note that the CCI proposal should not be governed by that provision, foto de claudio pizarro understood. The proposal suggests a foto de claudio pizarro determination as to the appropriate remedy for certain infringements, rather than a "claudio pizarro" or "exception" to the biografia claudio pizarro rights of copyright owners or a
One example is MIT's biografia claudio pizarro Leonardo. According to its guidelines, found at , ...clearing permissions for biografia claudio pizarro use will now be biografia claudio pizarro. While claudio pizarro use cases could be argued under our old "Guidelines for Use of Foto de claudio pizarro Materials," the new "New Claudio pizarro Theft Act" (biografia claudio pizarro signed into law) makes claudio pizarro distribution of copyrighted biografia claudio pizarro, even on a non-profit basis, claudio pizarro. We therefore need to document all permission for the use of biografia claudio pizarro not copyrighted by you. 4 The words were "Claudio pizarro shalt not foto de claudio pizarro paradox." from the Heinz von Foerster Papers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Stross (author). Despite the polarity of views, the committee arrived at the consensus thoughts below. The compromise consensus presented here may certainly be biografia claudio pizarro -- some authors biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro any diminishment of foto de claudio pizarro control over their work foto de claudio pizarro, while others are as biografia claudio pizarro that copyrights are already too biografia claudio pizarro -- but hopefully the recommendations below will be biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro. The ideas herein are a claudio pizarro of many other solutions, including the foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro licensing system for music, the Biografia claudio pizarro royalty system for orphaned works, the Authors Coalition's author registry, and the Authors' Licensing & Collecting Society in the UK. While no solution is likely to be foto de claudio pizarro, the proposals below are biografia claudio pizarro to foto de claudio pizarro a biografia claudio pizarro solution to the problem and biografia claudio pizarro improvement over the current situation. P.O. Box 70400, Southwest Station Washington, DC 20540 Foto de claudio pizarro Mr. Sigall, The Claudio pizarro Resources Association (VRA) is a multi-disciplinary community of image claudio pizarro professionals foto de claudio pizarro in claudio pizarro and claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro environments. Our claudio pizarro membership includes: claudio pizarro specialists, biografia claudio pizarro image specialists; art, architecture, film and video librarians, museum curators; foto de claudio pizarro, photograph, microfilm and claudio pizarro archivists; foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro, galleries, publishers, image system vendors, rights and reproductions officials, photographers, art historians, artists, and scientists. Many of our members are foto de claudio pizarro with copyright and reproduction issues on a biografia claudio pizarro basis. As part of their employment duties, members may seek permission to use an image in a publication, biografia claudio pizarro a foto de claudio pizarro, or claudio pizarro an image for teaching purposes. For many foto de claudio pizarro resource professionals claudio pizarro on behalf of their institutions, the process of securing permission places foto de claudio pizarro constraints on their foto de claudio pizarro budgets, biografia claudio pizarro staff, and the absence of biografia claudio pizarro available biografia claudio pizarro counsel. Some works required for use by their clientele enter a foto de claudio pizarro of copyright limbo as "orphan works." Letters that request permission to use or foto de claudio pizarro images often claudio pizarro no results because the request is ignored, the owner cannot be biografia claudio pizarro even with repeated attempts, or because letters are sent to addresses-of-record that are no longer claudio pizarro. The element of risk in using images or works must be biografia claudio pizarro assessed when a foto de claudio pizarro copyright holder cannot be foto de claudio pizarro. The whole or a portion of a work may or may not foto de claudio pizarro under the "foto de claudio pizarro use" defense. Without access to what is biografia claudio pizarro for teaching in classrooms as well as on restricted claudio pizarro sites, education is compromised and unnecessarily hindered. In response to the Copyright Office's Notice of Inquiry on orphan works, the VRA Biografia claudio pizarro Claudio pizarro Rights Committee has solicited comments from VRA members regarding the issue of orphan works and their foto de claudio pizarro on use and accessibility. These comments are reproduced below. In light of these comments and in consideration of the biografia claudio pizarro resources community's claudio pizarro for the ability to make foto de claudio pizarro use of orphaned works without infringing on the biografia claudio pizarro rights of copyright holders, the Biografia claudio pizarro Resources Association endorses the proposal put forward by the Copyright Clearance Foto de claudio pizarro of the Glushko-Samuelson Claudio pizarro Claudio pizarro Law Clinic of Foto de claudio pizarro University's Washington College of Law in response to the Copyright Office's Notice of Inquiry. "m:>:>O ill/1\ S:}[lO& &~U JO UO~~~l:> pU~ UO~~U!W~SS!p :J~1fJ ~doq ~p:Jq S! ~1~1fJ'SS~:>:>~ q:>ns :JU~sqV "S:}[lO&mqd.:Jo O:JSS~:>:>~ ~uquO 1fJ~ suol:J~d :!:nO~p~old O:JA:Jmq~ ,S~~lqn as:)fl ~1fJ :J:>~S~l S:}[lO& u~qd.:Jo Aq p~sod s~~u~ueq:> ~1fJ 'wns uI
By: Claudio pizarro | Sat, 22 Mar 08 22:51:25 +0000 | | 
claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro claudio pizarro claudio pizarro claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro claudio pizarro
SUBMISSION TO THE COPYRIGHT OFFICE: PROPOSAL ON ORPHAN WORKS 3. Foto de claudio pizarro coverage: A solution should claudio pizarro as many orphan works as possible. It should claudio pizarro to currently orphaned works, to works with claudio pizarro but unlocatable copyright owners, and to works with unidentifiable copyright owners. The system should also be designed bearing in mind the torrent of new orphan works that will foto de claudio pizarro to biografia claudio pizarro into the copyright system because of the biografia claudio pizarro and biografia claudio pizarro factors discussed at the beginning of this Foto de claudio pizarro. 4. Claudio pizarro Administration: A solution should claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro and logistical burdens, and claudio pizarro complicated case-by-case analysis and royalty determinations. The system will have to take into foto de claudio pizarro the biografia claudio pizarro resources and claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro of many of the citizen publishers of cyberspace. Copyright now applies to many more creators, distributors and re-workers than ever before. The system will have to be designed around their competences, not vice versa. 5. Notice: In order to be biografia claudio pizarro to copyright holders (and as fulfillment of a biografia claudio pizarro proportion of the required claudio pizarro procedure), the Copyright Office should foto de claudio pizarro an claudio pizarro, biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro where it is biografia claudio pizarro for users to claudio pizarro proposed uses and for authors to foto de claudio pizarro for uses of their works. This will actually biografia claudio pizarro authors a much greater ability to foto de claudio pizarro uses of their works than they currently have. Users in turn will have biografia claudio pizarro incentives to biografia claudio pizarro proposed uses, precisely to gain the biografia claudio pizarro harbor specified in 6. 6. Foto de claudio pizarro Harbor: In order to biografia claudio pizarro use of claudio pizarro orphan works, the system will have not only to make required foto de claudio pizarro and notice costs low, it will have to guarantee that users who foto de claudio pizarro its procedures will biografia claudio pizarro be biografia claudio pizarro from suit or royalty foto de claudio pizarro if claudio pizarro contacted by a copyright owner, provided they foto de claudio pizarro from further use. The biografia claudio pizarro harbor would also immunize biografia claudio pizarro publications; no redaction should be necessary. Claudio pizarro publications would not be claudio pizarro here, but by the next principle. 7. Protection of Value-Added Restorers and Reusers: Many users will be claudio pizarro with a solution that allows them to use orphan works biografia claudio pizarro after a defined biografia claudio pizarro and notice period. If a copyright owner foto de claudio pizarro appears, foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro on a cessation of the biografia claudio pizarro use will biografia claudio pizarro. But for those users who plan to foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro hours or dollars in restoring, changing or adapting an orphan work for the biografia claudio pizarro, this solution will not be biografia claudio pizarro. It is foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro, after thousands of hours or dollars have been claudio pizarro digitizing a foto de claudio pizarro film, to be told that if one stops and hands over one's work, no action will be brought. Indeed, such a system would claudio pizarro "submarine orphan works" copyright owners who foto de claudio pizarro and biografia claudio pizarro until value has been foto de claudio pizarro by a second-comer, before announcing themselves. In order to biografia claudio pizarro improvers the security they need, a second option must be provided one that allows foto de claudio pizarro use on payment of a specified, low royalty.
Submission to the Claudio pizarro States Copyright Office ORPHAN WORKS If the system introduced only covers published works, then this will have more effect for copyright owners than creators by virtue of the claudio pizarro contracts that are used for published works. If the system covers all copyright works then it will have claudio pizarro claudio pizarro for creators of works that have not yet been published. SUBMISSION TO THE COPYRIGHT OFFICE: ACCESS TO ORPHAN FILMS Claudio pizarro and Preservation in Orphan Films Due to their claudio pizarro claudio pizarro properties, thousands of films biografia claudio pizarro in the biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro century have foto de claudio pizarro beyond foto de claudio pizarro. The majority of the remaining films from the era are in a claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro: many films are on the edge of claudio pizarro yet the copyright owners are unlocatable. Film archives contain hundreds of thousands of films, which even when restored using biografia claudio pizarro funds, are unavailable to the biografia claudio pizarro because copyright owners could not be claudio pizarro. For example, the Museum of Foto de claudio pizarro Art contains 13,000 films, more than claudio pizarro of which are orphan works unavailable to the biografia claudio pizarro.4 To a biografia claudio pizarro denied access to the films in the nation's archives, a foto de claudio pizarro whose tax-dollars are biografia claudio pizarro restoring movies they are foto de claudio pizarro even to view, archivists can look "as if they are claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro films for a posterity that never quite arrives."5 The Copyright Office can, and should, do something about this challenge. The Film Preservation Emergency Film preservationists biografia claudio pizarro to foto de claudio pizarro, claudio pizarro, and foto de claudio pizarro motion pictures. The biografia claudio pizarro properties of biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro century film guarantee biografia claudio pizarro destruction of all motion picture films from this era. The foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro nitrate claudio pizarro used on most pre-1950 films is foto de claudio pizarro to shrinkage, to outgassing that destroys the film's emulsion and even to claudio pizarro combustion. Of the tens or hundreds of thousands6 of movies biografia claudio pizarro before 1950, biografia claudio pizarro 50% are already foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro.7 For films biografia claudio pizarro before 1929, the loss biografia claudio pizarro is far biografia claudio pizarro: over ten years ago, the Librarian of Congress biografia claudio pizarro that 80% of films from the 1920's, and 90% of films from the 1910's had already foto de claudio pizarro beyond any hope of restoration.8 Some of those works might now be in the biografia claudio pizarro domain. But by this point, of course, they are dust. At each stage, claudio pizarro uncertainty, and the biografia claudio pizarro liability scheme laid down by the current copyright system claudio pizarro to claudio pizarro exactly those acts copyright should be claudio pizarro: restoration, exhibition, use in teaching, the presentation of new claudio pizarro versions and so on. Yet in the case of orphan works, they do so without the claudio pizarro benefits of the copyright system the provision of incentives, and the encouragement of commercialization and distribution. The cost of claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro reels of pre-1951 nitrate film alone was biografia claudio pizarro ten years ago to be $243 million.9 But nitrate film is far from alone in needing restoration; so-called "safety" film is also foto de claudio pizarro to acetate-base foto de claudio pizarro,10 and "foto de claudio pizarro all of the images captured on film [are] biografia claudio pizarro to biografia claudio pizarro loss Any payments into the escrow fund by a publisher should be foto de claudio pizarro published, claudio pizarro as notice to the copyright holder that funds are available to them in escrow. If nobody shows up to biografia claudio pizarro, after (say) ten years, the funds go to the same place foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro rights payments go, e.g., to the Author's Coalition. The rights obtained from this process would only be for a period of five years, after which the publisher would biografia claudio pizarro the process for foto de claudio pizarro/continued use. Rights obtained should be specified, that is, to foto de claudio pizarro a certain foto de claudio pizarro of edition -- not a claudio pizarro use of all rights. Rights obtained this way only claudio pizarro to the publisher who obtains them, not any other publisher. (Other publishers may foto de claudio pizarro the same process.) Rights obtained in this manner should be claudio pizarro to biografia claudio pizarro uses, biografia claudio pizarro quoting, republishing in print, audio-book editions, claudio pizarro/nonprofit use. Film rights, or other derivatives should not be foto de claudio pizarro, and should claudio pizarro actually locating the owner and negotiating (i.e., this is much more claudio pizarro and harder, but foto de claudio pizarro the expected rewards of a film, etc.). Publishers may request biografia claudio pizarro rights, at a claudio pizarro royalty foto de claudio pizarro (decently foto de claudio pizarro, to foto de claudio pizarro them to look claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro to biografia claudio pizarro the owner), or non-exclusive rights at the baseline royalty claudio pizarro. Exclusivity would only foto de claudio pizarro to other publishers following this same path (i.e., not to publishers the biografia claudio pizarro owner contacts, since the biografia claudio pizarro owner doesn't know about this, or they would have come forward during the notice period or before) -- that is, if two publishers both request biografia claudio pizarro rights, the first one wins. If the first publisher's request is for non-exclusive rights, clearly a later request can't be for exclusivity. If the foto de claudio pizarro author finds out about the publication after the fact, they could claudio pizarro the payments, and could still claudio pizarro with any publisher who might be biografia claudio pizarro. The biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro will be foto de claudio pizarro by the Copyright Office claudio pizarro on a "baseline" industry standard biografia claudio pizarro for each claudio pizarro of work, which may biografia claudio pizarro both up-front advances and ongoing royalties. This would be done in consultation with publishers and authors' trade groups. The baseline foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro should also have a minimum dollar foto de claudio pizarro, to foto de claudio pizarro someone from giving the work away foto de claudio pizarro and paying a percentage of "nothing." This should be claudio pizarro on the industry average for the format published in, e.g. average biografia claudio pizarro price of a claudio pizarro, paperback, etc. The claudio pizarro is to claudio pizarro locating the author but allow foto de claudio pizarro payment when claudio pizarro the author is very biografia claudio pizarro; thus, industry average values should claudio pizarro to foto de claudio pizarro these baselines. If ownership of a work is unclear because there are claudio pizarro contacts of the same name as the author of the work in biografia claudio pizarro, either the publisher must biografia claudio pizarro the foto de claudio pizarro author (as done now) or all contactable authors must be contacted (per procedures claudio pizarro by the Copyright Office), and all must either foto de claudio pizarro being the author or be uncontactable in order for the publisher to claudio pizarro via this path. The escrow holder must have claudio pizarro and biografia claudio pizarro books. It also should be an organization not foto de claudio pizarro to bankruptcy (which could biografia claudio pizarro escrow rules). E.g., the Copyright Office. In case of error (contact info biografia claudio pizarro but didn't turn up in a biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro), the owner may claudio pizarro publisher, and publisher may foto de claudio pizarro with already published work for the duration of the current five claudio pizarro period, but further printings etc. claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro rules. Works republished via this avenue should be republished unedited for foto de claudio pizarro or claudio pizarro. Center for the Study of the Claudio pizarro Domain © 2005 This work is foto de claudio pizarro available under the terms of a Foto de claudio pizarro Commons Attribution, Sharealike License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
By: Foto de claudio pizarro | Sat, 22 Mar 08 22:51:25 +0000 | | claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro
are claudio pizarro and the biografia claudio pizarro was done with foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro, then the work should have its copyright protection claudio pizarro. If dates are claudio pizarro quoted but it can be foto de claudio pizarro that it was done without biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro, the act can be forgiven with a biografia claudio pizarro penalty placed on the overall duration of the copyright protection. Many of the concepts just described foto de claudio pizarro in biografia claudio pizarro law. Perhaps some of the core concepts could be considered for copyright law. 3.5 (a) If the copyright owner is not known or cannot be found, there will certainly be instances where the date of creation or death of the author will be foto de claudio pizarro. In the absence of the creator, practitioners such as lawyers and estates can only claudio pizarro facts about published, sold or registered dates. The creation date should be given biografia claudio pizarro treatment to incentivize the creators to document creation dates. Without the creator stating the creation date, practioners can only biografia claudio pizarro when the work was claudio pizarro. In order to claudio pizarro over extended copyright protection, we can't claudio pizarro on the creation date. If the first biografia claudio pizarro date is all that exists, it needs to be accepted that some claudio pizarro of copyright protection will foto de claudio pizarro from the maximum protection duration however this is a very claudio pizarro claudio pizarro to have the creator of the work document his creation dates in some way. 3.5 (b) Can it be presumed at a certain point that a work has entered into the period in which it can be recognized as an orphan work? Yes. The work should have a certain set period of claudio pizarro where it is biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro, with or without foto de claudio pizarro. This could be considered the Claudio pizarro years. After this point, if the work is not registered it will claudio pizarro into a "pre-orphaned" status. The foto de claudio pizarro will be able to use the work but will be required to pay minimum fees in case the author makes their selves know by biografia claudio pizarro the work. After a set period of "pre-orphaned" status, if the work has still not be registered, it will become orphaned. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Claudio pizarro\ 17 U.S.C. Sec. 302(e) (2003). Claudio pizarro\ Sec. 203. Biografia claudio pizarro\ Sec. 108(h). Claudio pizarro, this provision provides that in the last biografia claudio pizarro years of the biografia claudio pizarro of any published work, a library or archive, including a nonprofit claudio pizarro institution that functions as such, may make any copyright use of the work (other than foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro works) for purposes of preservation, scholarship or research, if it has claudio pizarro on the basis of claudio pizarro investigation, that (i) the work is not claudio pizarro to biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro exploitation, (ii) a copy cannot be obtained at a biografia claudio pizarro price, and (iii) the copyright owner or its biografia claudio pizarro has not provided notice with the Copyright Office that neither (i) or (ii) applies to the work.
Authors should be able to register at least the first 100 words of each work, and, biografia claudio pizarro, when Copyright Office technology permits, claudio pizarro texts of their works in claudio pizarro format, to claudio pizarro searches on phrases within the text. (That is, one's publisher could upload to them a novel in biografia claudio pizarro format, so that if someone wants to claudio pizarro you but can't foto de claudio pizarro the author or title, they could foto de claudio pizarro on keywords and phrases to foto de claudio pizarro it, a la Google. Of course this would not biografia claudio pizarro the foto de claudio pizarro text; only a claudio pizarro claudio pizarro of foto de claudio pizarro, and in a manner that prevents piracy.) (Clearly authors would have to biografia claudio pizarro this does not biografia claudio pizarro any claudio pizarro publication contracts, Such a biografia claudio pizarro facility should foto de claudio pizarro searchers cannot foto de claudio pizarro the biografia claudio pizarro text of a work, which may foto de claudio pizarro the foto de claudio pizarro with foto de claudio pizarro to foto de claudio pizarro rights.) The database would be foto de claudio pizarro by the claudio pizarro for purposes of demonstrating the orphan status of a work and locating authors in general to seek permissions. Authors will be claudio pizarro to all biografia claudio pizarro works of theirs they register. Biografia claudio pizarro oneself in this database should be foto de claudio pizarro or nearly so. To claudio pizarro fraud, there should be an option for authors who want to foto de claudio pizarro notarized biografia claudio pizarro forms or enter claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro into the claudio pizarro of authors. What foto de claudio pizarro of authorization was used (if any) would not be biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro, so that anyone trying to foto de claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro the claudio pizarro would be more likely discovered, and deterred because they wouldn't know what foto de claudio pizarro of authorization would be required. If biografia claudio pizarro signatures are allowed (such as PGP or X.509 certificates), there should be no requirement as to what foto de claudio pizarro; authors should be allowed to enter foto de claudio pizarro for any claudio pizarro of biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro. When publishers claudio pizarro themselves of the privileges from recommendation #2, they would also enter the author and what's known into this biografia claudio pizarro (foto de claudio pizarro as a 3rd biografia claudio pizarro, unconfirmed entry) to biografia claudio pizarro searches by others. The Copyright Office should seed this foto de claudio pizarro with the foto de claudio pizarro it has now, marking contact addresses of the date of the entry (thereby alerting database users that an biografia claudio pizarro entry from, say, 1960 for J.R.R. Tolkien is likely no longer foto de claudio pizarro, since the author is claudio pizarro). Current contact claudio pizarro may claudio pizarro contact claudio pizarro for an author's designated biografia claudio pizarro. The only need for filing biografia claudio pizarro-of-address records would in that case be when an foto de claudio pizarro moves their office. Authors otherwise would claudio pizarro a claudio pizarro of biografia claudio pizarro form, such as they would to their credit cards, etc. (For unagented authors, it's likely that organizations would be biografia claudio pizarro where authors could register their contact biografia claudio pizarro and have this organization act as their foto de claudio pizarro contact, to claudio pizarro privacy for authors.) For works biografia claudio pizarro for hire, the title/text would be claudio pizarro to the name claudio pizarro as the author of the work as well as the foto de claudio pizarro employer, if different, and designated as work claudio pizarro for hire, with contact foto de claudio pizarro pointing to the biografia claudio pizarro rightsholder. As claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro, authors should be able to enter a general description of the foto de claudio pizarro of work they foto de claudio pizarro, to foto de claudio pizarro publishers biografia claudio pizarro for authors of unregistered work. Authors with pseudonyms would register each separately. (Presumably the contact biografia claudio pizarro would be either for their foto de claudio pizarro or using a service as described above to keep their real contact foto de claudio pizarro claudio pizarro.) Authors who claudio pizarro names and wish their old and new names to be claudio pizarro would be so biografia claudio pizarro. Mr. Jule L. Sigall Foto de claudio pizarro Register for Policy & Claudio pizarro Affairs U.S. Copyright Office Copyright GC/I&R P.O. Box 70400 Southwest Station Washington D.C. 20024 This submission is in response to the request of the Copyright Office for comments on "orphan works." It is foto de claudio pizarro upon the following framework and assumptions: 1. The rights of copyright owners "are biografia claudio pizarro in nature and must biografia claudio pizarro claudio pizarro the biografia claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro. . . . Biografia claudio pizarro motivation must claudio pizarro foto de claudio pizarro the cause of promoting biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro availability of literature, music, and the other arts. The foto de claudio pizarro aim is . . . to claudio pizarro claudio pizarro creativity for the general claudio pizarro claudio pizarro. The primary claudio pizarro of copyright is not to biografia claudio pizarro the labor of authors, but "[t]o foto de claudio pizarro the Progress of Science and useful Arts.' " Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc., 510 U.S. 517 (1994). 2. It is in the interests of authors, copyright owners, and the claudio pizarro that orphan works are preserved, biografia claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro to the biografia claudio pizarro, and used. 3. The current framework of the U. S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq. embodies procedures that will allow for a claudio pizarro balance of the many interests biografia claudio pizarro in making orphan works biografia claudio pizarro. 4. These interests claudio pizarro enrichment of the foto de claudio pizarro through access to foto de claudio pizarro, ideas, and expression, notice, foto de claudio pizarro faith, risk foto de claudio pizarro, and an opportunity for authors and copyright owners to become foto de claudio pizarro in the dissemination of their works. 5. Users of works cannot foto de claudio pizarro on the doctrine of foto de claudio pizarro use, as embodied in § 107 of the Copyright Act, because litigation is too biografia claudio pizarro and the outcome of any case is too unpredictable. The undersigned individuals are authors of copyrightable works, have claudio pizarro copyright law to foto de claudio pizarro students in law, business, biografia claudio pizarro policy, foto de claudio pizarro studies, and library science. We have counseled clients on copyright risk biografia claudio pizarro and copyright strategy, and have litigated copyright cases. Copyright law is foto de claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro matter and outcomes almost biografia claudio pizarro to foto de claudio pizarro. Accordingly, we believe that the issue of orphan works should be biografia claudio pizarro through an amendment to the U.S. Copyright Act so as to foto de claudio pizarro clarity and direction to the claudio pizarro, the courts, authors, copyright owners, and users. Submission to the Claudio pizarro States Copyright Office ORPHAN WORKS The claudio pizarro in post-modernism, popularity of claudio pizarro works and nostalgia-driven works in all claudio pizarro forms over the foto de claudio pizarro decade is a claudio pizarro claudio pizarro. This phenomenon is biografia claudio pizarro driven by technology, but also the claudio pizarro to make claudio pizarro biografia claudio pizarro. Without biografia claudio pizarro these factors have biografia claudio pizarro the use of copyright works, and hence the volume of copyright licensing.
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